Jumat, 04 Juli 2014

Style In Written English



Style In Written English

1.   Question
Question tags adalah pertanyaan singkat yang diikutkan pada akhir sebuah kalimat untuk membuat pertanyaan.
Contoh :
1)    Kalimat                     : She speaks English.
Pertanyaan               : Does she speak English ?
Question Tag            : She speaks English, doesn’t she ?
2)    Kalimat                     : That’s great song.
Pertanyaan               : Does it great song ?
Question Tag            : That’s a great song, isn’t it ?
3)    Kalimat                     : This way isn’t right.
Pertanyaan               : Does it way isn’y right ?
Question Tag            : This way isn’t right, is it ?


2.   Sequence Of Tenses
The verb in the introductory or main clause controls the tense of the verb in the noun clause.
Rule 1: If the main clause is in the present or future, then the verb in the noun clause can be in any tense.
Main clause is                                           Noun clause is
          in the Present or Future                           in any tense
Contoh :
1)    The prime ministers agree that the global warming is a serious world problem.
2)    They hope that all nations will be responsible for solving this serious problem.
3)    Scientists believe that atmospheric warming has already begun.

Rule 2: If the main clause is in the past tense, the verb in the noun clause is usually in the past form except for the cases when the noun clause reports a general truth.
Main clause is                                           Noun clause is
in the Past                                                 in the Past
Contoh :
1)    The prime ministers agreed that the global warming was a serious world
problem.
2)    They hoped that all nations would be responsible for solving this serious
problem.
3)    Scientists believed that atmospheric warming had already begun.


3.   Say / Tell
Say dan Tell mempunyai arti yang sedikit berbeda, yaitu “berkata” dan “mengatakan”. Dalam tata bahasa (Grammar) Bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam topik Reported Speech, keduanya mempunyai pola yang berbeda.
Contoh :
1)    I’ll come back in two weeks?
 He said that he will come back in two weeks.
2)    He can’t join with us
He said that he can’t join with us.
3)    Budi will bring the magazines tommorow.
                     He said that He would bring the magazines the following day.


4.   Antecedent Of Pronoun
Kata benda (noun) yang diwakili oleh kata ganti (pronoun) dikenal dengan istilah antecedent. Kata benda tersebut dapat berupa sebuah kata, frase, atau klausa. Pada umumnya, dalam sebuah kalimat, antecedent terletak sebelum kata ganti.
Contoh :
1)    The government workers received their paychecks.
2)    Jane thought she saw the missing boy and reported him to the police.
3)    The shift supervisor hates these accidents because he thinks they can be easily avoided.


5.   Redudancy
Redudancy  adalah pengulangan kata yang tidak diperlukan atau penggunaan beberapa kata yang seharusnya dapat dapat dihindari hanya dengan menggunakan satu kata saja.
Contoh :
1)    You must translate the text in a careful manner in order that the meaning of the text in the source language is not lost. (Jawaban: in a careful manner adalah redundancy. Seharusnya carefully bisa digunakan)
2)    Buying or purchasing new cars on credit has become an unavoidable habit because leasing companies have tried to offer monthly low installment payment. (Jawaban: buying or purchasing adalah redundancy. Seharusnya “Buying new cars” atau Purchasing new cars”)
3)    Not wanting to be late for the seminar, I decided to leave early because there was not any certainty as to what time the seminar will start tomorrow. (Jawaban: there was not any certainty adalah redundancy. Seharusnya diganti dengan it wasn’t certain)

Sabtu, 07 Juni 2014

Active And Pasive



ACTIVE AND PASSIVE


Active
Pasive
Simple Present
S + V (S/es) + O
S + to be + V3 + BY + O
(she, he, it = is)
(I = am)
(they, we, you = are)
Simple Past
S + V2 + O
S + to be + V3 + BY + O
(she, he, it, I = was)
(they, we, you = were)
Simple Future
S + will + v1 + O
S + will + be + v3 + by + o
Present Continous
S + tobe + ving + o
S + to be + being + v3 + by + o
Past Continous
S + tobe (was / were) + ving + o
S + to be (was / were) + being  + v3 + by + o
Future Continous
S + will + be + ving + o
There are some tenses and conditions that don’t have pasive form present continous, past perfect continous, future continous, future perfect continous, and sentences that have intransitive verbs
Present Perfect
S + has / have + v3 + o
S + has / have + been + v3 + by + o
(she, he, it = has)
(they, we, I, you = have)
Past Perfect
S + had + v3 + o
S + had + been + v3 + by + o
Future perfect
S + will + have + v3 + o
S + will + have + been + v3 + by + o


Exercise
1.      Pasive            :  Once a month, conte bring the team to the beach.
Active            :  Once a month, the team is brought to the beach by conte.
Simple present
2.      Pasive            :  Ali is writting a letter right now.
Active            :  The letter is being written by Ali now.
Present continous
3.      Pasive            :  Gio repaired the computer which is located in the living room.
Active            :  The computer which is located in the living room was repaired by Gio.
Simple past
4.      Pasive            :  The salesman was helping the costumer when the thief came into the store.
Active            :  The Customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
Past continous
5.      Pasive            :  Many basketball players have trained that kind of dribble style.
Active            :  That kind of dribble style have been trained by many basketball players.
Present perfect
6.      Pasive            :   Otong and vicky had repaired many cars before they received their mechanic license.
Active            :  Many cars had been repaired by otong and vicky before they received their mechanic.
Past perfect
7.      Pasive            :  Chef ferara will finish the dish by 05.00 PM.
Active            :  The dish will be finished by chef Ferara by 05.00 PM.
Simple future
8.      Pasive            :  Burgerkill will be performing a song entitled “tiga titik hitam” on the stage at 08.00 PM.
Active            :  A song entitled will be performed by Burgerkill on the stage at 08.00 PM.
Future continous
9.      Pasive            :  They will have completed the project before the deadline.
Active            :  The project will have been completed by them before the deadline.
Future perfect
10. Pasive            :  The lead guitarist of flashgod apocalypse smashed his guitar in their last concert.
Active            :  The guitar was smashed by the lead guitarist of flashgod apoccalypse in their last concert.
Simple past