TENSES

TENSES

Present Tense

The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time. The term "present tense" is usually used in descriptions of specific languages to refer to a particular grammatical form or set of forms; these may have a variety of uses, not all of which will necessarily refer to present time.

The formula : 

Positive          : S + V1 (s / es)

Positive Sentence

Ø  Subject + Main verb + Object

Ø  Subject + 1st form of verb (or base verb) + Object

Example :

v  I write a letter. 

v  He gets up early in the morning.

v  Sun rises in east.

Note     : If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun” then “s” or “es” is added to the first form of verb or base form in the sentence. Examples.

Negative      :  S + DO / DOES + NOT + V1

Negative Sentences

Ø  Subject + auxiliary verb +NOT + Main verb +object

Ø  Subject + Do not/Does not + 1st form of verb (or base form) + object

Examples :

v  I do not write a letter.

v  He does not get up early in the morning.

v  Sun does not rise in east.

Note     : In negative sentence auxiliary verb “do or does” along with “not” is used. If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun”, then “Does not” is used after subject in sentence. If subject is “I, we, they, you or plural” then “Do not” is used after subject in sentence. “s” or “es” is not added to main verb in negative sentence

Question       :  DO / DOES + S + V1

Interrogative Sentence

Ø  Auxiliary verb + Subject + Main verb + Object

Ø  Do/Does + Subject + 1st for of verb (or base verb) + Object

Examples :

v  Do I write a letter?

v  Does he get up early in the morning?

v  Does sun rise in east?

Note     : If the subject in a sentence is “he, she, it, singular or proper noun” the sentence is started with Auxiliary verb “Does”. If the subject in a sentence is “I, we, they, you or plural” the sentence is started with auxiliary verb “Do”. “s” or “es” is not added to main verb in Interrogative sentence

 Source :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_tense

Past tense

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time. In languages which have a past tense, it thus provides a grammatical means of indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past. Examples of verbs in the past tense include the English verbs sang, went and was.

Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the past tense

• Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.
• She kissed me on the cheek.
• It rained yesterday.
• Angela watched TV all night.
• John wanted to go to the museum.

Note: There are three different ways of pronouncing the –ed at the end of a verb in the past tense.
We recommend reading our guide about the pronunciation of –ED at the end of words.

Negative sentences in the Past Tense

We use didn’t (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)

Examples of negative sentences in the Past Tense

• I didn’t want to go to the dentist.
• She didn’t have time.
• You didn’t close the door.
• He didn’t come to my party.
• They didn’t study so they didn’t pass the test.
• We didn’t sleep well last night.

Questions in the Past Tense

We use did to make a question in the past tense.
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English.
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)

Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

• Did you go to work yesterday?
• Did they arrive on time?
• Did she like the surprise?
• Where did she go?
• What did you do yesterday?
• What did you say? - I didn’t say anything.
• Why did we have to come?

Future Tense

In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. English does not have a future tense formed by verb inflection in this way, although it has a number of ways of expressing futurity, particularly the construction with the auxiliary verb will or shall, and grammarians differ in whether they describe such constructions as representing a future tense in English, one and all. The "future" expressed by the future tense usually means the future relative to the moment of speaking, although in contexts where relative tense is used it may mean the future relative to some other point in time under consideration.

The future can be expressed in several ways in English. Here are the different possibilities:

1. Future Simple: will + base form of the verb
2. Be Going To: am, is, are + going to + base form of the verb
3. Shall: Shall + subject + base form of the verb?
4. Future Progressive: will be + verbing
5. Present Simple and Present Progressive with Future Meaning

Time expressions in the Future Tense

There are several time expressions that are used in all of the different forms of the future tense. They are generally used at the end of the sentence or question. The most common are: tomorrow, next week (Sunday/month/year), in two days (weeks, months years), the day after tomorrow.

Future Simple: Will + Base Form of the Verb

This form is used to:
Describe a simple action in the future:

1. She‘ll write the e-mail after lunch.
2. Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.

Make a prediction or give a warning:

1. Don’t lift that. You‘ll hurt yourself
2. If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.

Make a spontaneous decision:

1. You dropped your purse. I‘ll get it.

Subject	will or won’t +verb		rest of sentence
	Positive	Negative
I / You / We / They He / She / It	will see	won’t see	you tomorrow night

Contractions

In general, use the contracted forms of the pronoun + will:
I will > I’ll / he will > he’ll / she will > she’ll / you will > you’ll / we will > we’ll /they will > they’ll
Ex. I’ll see you tomorrow. / You’ll get the answer by post.
Try to use the short form won’t instead of will not
Ex. I won’t see you tomorrow.
Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis in spoken Englsih or when writing formal texts.
Ex. You will not do that again! / His hypothesis will not stand up to their criticism.

Yes/No Questions in the Future Simple

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, use Will (or Won’t) + subject + base form of the verb.

Will	subject	base form of the verb	rest of sentence
Will (Won’t)	I / You / We / They He / She / It	send	that fax for me

1. Will Dave burn the CD for you?
2. Won’t the girls be late for the party?

Wh- Questions in the Future Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.
To form a Wh-question use: Wh-word + will (or won’t) + subject + base form of the verb.

Wh word	Will	subject	base form of the verb	rest of sentence
What	will	I / You / We / They He / She / It	tell	him tonight
Why	won’t		finish	the project

1. When will he give you an answer?
2. Why won’t you tell him the truth?

Source :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_tense

http://www.gingersoftware.com/grammarbook/verbs/the-future-tense/

Defference Singular and Plural

Singular

When we are talking about just one person, animal, place or thing, we use a singular countable noun.

Example :

Cook

Bird

Stadium

Plural

When we are talking about two or more people, animals, places or things, we have to make the countable nouns plural.

Plural nouns usually end in s.

Singular	Plural
lamp	lamps
worker	workers
hawk	hawks
place	places
rope	ropes

When the last letters of singular nouns are ch, sh, s or x, you usually add es to form the plural. Some exceptions are stomach and monarch where you add s instead of es. This is because the ch in these words sounds like k.

Singular	Plural
arch	arches
branch	branches
brush	brushes
flash	flashes
bus	buses
address	addresses
box	boxes
fox	foxes
stomach	stomachs
monarch	monarchs

In the case of nouns that end in o, some nouns we need to add s to form the plural whereas others we need to add es to form the plural.

Singular	Plural
kangaroo	kangaroos
video	videos
zoo	zoos
tomato	tomatoes
tornado	tornadoes
hero	heroes
potato	potatoes

 

With some nouns that end in y, we form the plural by changing the y to i, and adding es.

Singular	Plural
lady	ladies
baby	babies
lily	lilies
trophy	trophies
jelly	jellies
story	stories

 

However, if there is a vowel before the y (ay, ey, oy), we just add s to form the plural.

Singular	Plural
bay	bays
way	ways
key	keys
jersey	jerseys
toy	toys
boy	boys

The plural of some nouns is the same as the singular.

Singular	Plural
deer	deer
fish	fish
salmon	salmon
reindeer	reindeer
sheep	sheep

Some nouns are always plural.

pajamas	jeans
binoculars	goggles
spectacles	scissors
trousers	shorts
pliers	braces

 

The plural form of some nouns is different from the singular form.

Singular	Plural
goose	geese
foot	feet
ox	oxen
child	children
woman	women
man	men
mouse	mice

Source :

http://www.onlinemathlearning.com/plural-nouns.htm

Verb Phrase

A verb phrase is the portion of a sentence that contains both the verb and either a direct or indirect object (the verb’s dependents). Verbs are words that demonstrate an action, like sing, dance, smell, talk, and eat. They serve as a link between the subject of the verb and information about that subject. The information is usually descriptive.

Example :

1.      She was walking quickly to the mall.

2.      He should wait before going swimming.

3.      Those girls are not trying very hard.

4.      Ted might eat the cake.

5.      You must go right now.

Source :

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/verb-phrase-examples.html